There are various critical appraisal tools/checklists available that can help you ask the right questions when appraising research, and these are based on the type of study design. These include tools for Systematic Reviews, Randomized Controlled Trials, Cohort Studies, Case Control Studies, Economic Evaluations, Diagnostic Studies, Qualitative studies and Clinical Prediction Rule.
The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP), Oxford, UK has developed tools which are free to download and can be used by anyone under creative commons license. These are available on their website: https://casp-uk.net/casp-tools-checklists/